Citizenship, Residence and International Legal Processes

Citizenship by investment includes routes such as real estate, bank deposits, government debt instruments, investment fund units, fixed capital investment, the private pension system (BES) and employment. The minimum amount is USD 400,000 for real estate and USD 500,000 for the other monetary routes; the employment route requires the employment of 50 people. The appropriate method is determined by evaluating the investor's plan and documents together.

The real estate route requires at least USD 400,000; the bank deposit, government debt instruments, fund units, fixed capital and BES routes each require at least USD 500,000 or the equivalent in foreign currency (the employment route requires the employment of 50 people). For most of the monetary routes, the investment must be maintained for at least three years, and the foreign currency brought in must be converted into Turkish Lira through a bank and documented with a Foreign Currency Purchase Certificate. Amounts may change depending on legislation.

Real estate worth at least USD 400,000 must be purchased, and an annotation prohibiting sale for three years is placed on the title deed; the value is determined by a valuation report from a company licensed by the Capital Markets Board. Payment is made in foreign currency, converted into Turkish Lira through a bank and documented with a Foreign Currency Purchase Certificate.

Foreign currency equivalent to at least USD 500,000 is converted into Turkish Lira through a bank and kept on deposit for at least three years. As long as the amount does not fall below the threshold, returns such as interest, or profit share in participation banking, may be received during this period.

Yes. Foreign currency equivalent to at least USD 500,000 must be converted into Turkish Lira, and the government debt instruments purchased with it must be held for at least three years.

This route can be used where a fixed capital investment of at least USD 500,000 is made; it is essential that the investment be made in foreign currency and documented with a Foreign Currency Purchase Certificate. Eligibility is reviewed according to the nature of the investment and the determination of the relevant authority.

This route can be considered where units of a real estate investment fund (GYF) or a venture capital investment fund (GSYF) equivalent to at least USD 500,000 are held for at least three years.

This route can be considered where a contribution equivalent to at least USD 500,000 in foreign currency is made to the private pension system and remains in the system for at least three years. It is essential that the contribution be made in foreign currency and documented with a Foreign Currency Purchase Certificate.